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KMID : 1237720230560040552
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Anatomy & Cell Biology
2023 Volume.56 No. 4 p.552 ~ p.561
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Osteoblastogenesis and osteolysis in the Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley rat humerus head
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Gcwalisile Frances Dlamini
Robert Ndou
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Abstract
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The endocrinology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its predisposing factors have been studied extensively while itsskeletal effects have received negligible research despite this being a global disease. The cellular and molecular associationbetween proximal humeral fractures and T2D has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to study bone cell quantities andimmunolabel osteogenic and antiosteogenic cytokines. The study used 12-week-old rats (23 males) consisting of 8 SpragueDawley (SD) and 15 Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley (ZDSD). Weekly mass measurements were taken while fasting bloodglucose levels were recorded every 2 weeks with oral glucose tolerance tests conducted once every 4 weeks. Upon terminationat the age of 28 weeks, humeri were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, prior to decalcification in ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid. The bone samples were then processed in ascending grades of alcohol using an automatic processor before embedding inparaffin wax. Sections were cut at 5 μm thickness in a series for Haematoxylin and Eosin stain, and immunohistochemistrywas performed with the anti-tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), anti-alkaline phosphatase (ALP), anti-bonemorphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3), anti-transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), anti-aged glycation end product (AGE)antibodies in the sequence. ZDSD rats had more adipocytes, BMP3 and AGEs expression with higher numbers of TRAPpositive osteocytes and fewer ALP cells although no differences were found in TGFβ1 immunopositivity. We also found thatT2D increases the number of AGEs immuno-positive cells, as well as its extracellular expression, thus providing a conduciveenvironment for the interaction of the osteogenic cytokine and its antagonist to suppress osteoblastogenesis. ZDSD groupshad higher adipocyte numbers therefore increased marrow adiposity in T2D.
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KEYWORD
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Diabetes mellitus, Bone fractures, Humerus, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes
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